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United States v. Morrison
''United States v. Morrison'', , is a United States Supreme Court decision which held that parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 were unconstitutional because they exceeded congressional power under the Commerce Clause and under section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
==Background==
In 1994, the United States Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act, which contained a provision at for a federal civil remedy to victims of gender-based violence, even if no criminal charges had been filed against the alleged perpetrator of that violence.
That fall, at Virginia Tech, freshman student Christy Brzonkala was allegedly assaulted and raped repeatedly by fellow students Antonio Morrison and James Crawford. During the school-conducted hearing on her complaint, Morrison admitted having sexual contact with her despite the fact that she had twice told him "no."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UNITED STATES v. MORRISON (99-5) )〕 College proceedings failed to punish Crawford, but initially punished Morrison with a suspension (punishment later struck down by the administration). A state grand jury did not find sufficient evidence to charge either man with a crime.〔Taylor, Stuart. "(Court to Congress: You can't regulate everything by Stuart Taylor Jr. )", ''National Journal'' (1999-03-13). Retrieved 2007-02-13.〕 Brzonkala then filed suit under the Violence Against Women Act.
The United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia held that Congress lacked authority to enact . A three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the decision 2–1. The Fourth Circuit reheard the case ''en banc'' and reversed the panel, upholding the district court.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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